It’s always good to know what you could expect from filters inside Photoshop. To figure it out what they are able to do you must experiment a lot. Some filters wont work on empty background. They need something. For example, just a spot you created with brush tool will be enough. Some of them love to involve foreground/background colors.
I will show you some very basic implementations of filters in this tutorial.

1. Open Photoshop and create new document - File - New... 640x480 with white background. Press "D" to get black and white fore/back colors.

2. Apply filter - Sketch - Halftone Pattern with settings: Size:10, Contrast:50, Pattern Type: Dot. Hit OK and apply filter again (Cmd/Ctrl+F).

Save this picture as JPG for experiments we are going to perform in the following examples.

Artistic glass:
First apply Sketch - Chrome with settings: Detail: 5, Smoothness: 10; You will get picture that can be used for changing the glass on house front doors. Before that I suggest you to correct Curves. Image - Adjustments - Curves...Point your cursor to bottom left corner and drag the curve to the top left corner. Do not go too high. Save picture for the future. Similar effects you will get after applying filters: Artistic - Colored Pencil, Brush Strokes - Crosshatch. Adjust curves again. Crop unwanted areas.

Create Background:
Basic image. Filter - Sketch - Bas Relief. Settings: Detail: adjust, Smoothness: adjust, Light: Bottom. Correct levels. Colorize it.

Grid:
On basic image apply Filter - Stylize - Glowing Edges with settings: Edge Width: 2, Edge Brightness: 6, Smoothness: 1.

Air Filter for cars:
In the next step I will show what filter I've used to create image at the top of this tutorial.
On basic image (from the second step) apply Sketch - Plaster.
Settings: Image balance: 25, Smoothness: 5, Light: Left.

Double click on background layer to unlock it. Transform – Cmd/Ctrl+T and right click on image and choose Rotate 90° CW. Press Enter.
Then pick gradient tool with Mode: Difference and black/white colors. Draw three “lines” from left to right. I cropped some areas. Play with Hue/Saturation and with Levels. Do not forget to check Colorize inside Hue/Saturation. Top part of the air filter could be created be adding a circle shape. You must apply inner glow with choke. Also, you have to distort the shape.

As you can see, just a basic image we’ve created in step 2 could have many implementations. Try to think of filters while you are working inside Photoshop.